Constantine the Great and sons (330-346 AD)
Coin Description | Commemorative Coin, AE 18 mm, Grade?? The coin is very well centered but has a breakline in it, clearly seen on the reverse it also has a nice sandy patina.VM2, RBC 364l |
Obverse | The portrait is of the personification / goddess of the city of Rome a helmeted bust facing left. The legend reads VRBS ROMA which translates as VRBS (City), ROMA (Rome) The City of Rome. |
Reverse |
The reverse shows the twins Romulus and Remus suckling with the wolf
who raised them. The twins were the heirs of king Numitor who was dethroned
by his own brother Amulius. Amulius killed the kings son and forced the
kings daughter Rhea to become a priestess of Vesta. This however didn't
solve his problem because Rhea became pregnant by the wargod Mars and
gave birth to a pair of twins. To make sure these last rightful heirs
where disposed of Amulius ordered a servant to kill the newborn twins.
The servant didn't want to kill them outright and put them in a basket
that he left in the river Tiber, fortunately they washed ashore and where
found and suckled by a wolf. Later they were found and raised by a shepherd
called Faustulus. When they were grown up they reclaimed their rightful
throne by killing Amulius. They decided to built a city on the very spot
where they were found by the wolf. In those days it was customary for
the eldest son to become king but since they were twins this was a bit
difficult. They decided to leave the choice to the gods by the way of
omens which eventually favored Romulus. Remus was very upset by this and
when his brother started to lay out the walls of his new city he jumped
over the tiny wall and said that this was what his enemies would do. Romulus
was furious and answered: "Then this will be what happens to all
these enemies" and with these words he killed his brother with a
single stroke of his sword. The city was named after the new king Romulus
and called Rome. The rest of his live Romulus was plagued by remorse over
this tragic act of needless outrage. The end of the reign of the first
king of Rome is suitably mysterious. Romulus was last seen when a thunder
storm (send by his father Mars) wrapped itself around him and swept him
away. There are two stars above the wolf it is speculated that these are two stars from the Gemini constellation (the twins Romulus and Remus). There is a wreath between the two stars this is a mint sequence mark. |
Mint |
The exergue reads SCONST which stands for the second officina (the S for Secunda) of the Arelate mint. Minted between 330 and 340 A.D. The city of Arelate was renamed Constantina in 328 AD in honor of Constantine's eldest son Constantine II and later renamed Arelate again. To distinguish between the two: Arelate uses CONST with the T at the end and uses ordinal letters (Prima, Secunda for 1st 2nd) to indicate the officina wheras Constantinople uses greek letters. So SCONST is Arelate second officina while BCONS would be Constantinople second (beta) officina. |
The Entire Story | This commemorative coin with the portrait of Rome was issued to mark the 1100th anniversary of the traditional founding of Rome. These coins were actually struck to coincide with Constantine's dedication of his new capital at Constantinople in 330, which was several years prior to the anniversary of the founding of Rome (which was founded in 753 BC). Constantine refounded the ancient Greek city of Byzantium as Constantinople and made it the new capital of the empire. On the 8th of November 324 Constantine formally laid out the boundaries of his new city, roughly quadrupling its territory. By 328 the new walls were completed, and on the 11th of May 330 the new city was formally dedicated. This coin was minted to commemorate this grand occasion and to show the people that Rome was still important and not forgotten. This is symbolized by the twins Romulus and Remus the founders of Rome suckled by the she-wolf. |